Home furnace systems use a variety of fuel sources to warm up houses. However, contrary to what homeowners might think, not all fuel sources are created equal.
Natural gas is the most popular heating source in America with an estimated 50% of residential homes utilizing natural gas lines to heat their rooms. Natural gas, based on varying prices, is largely the cheapest option on paper, which may be a factor in its popularity. Since the average cost of natural gas has been in decline throughout the years due largely to the growth of domestic fracking that has swept the United States, natural gas has seen prices fluctuate while propane has stayed consistently priced. Another large factor leading to natural gas’s popularity is that many residential homes that are built close to gas lines will often be mandated by local laws to use this method. Natural gas can be a cheap and accessible way to get energy if the gas line infrastructure is already put in place.
However, despite the low annual price tag, there are many other complications and additional costs that bring into question natural gas’s viability over the long term. For instance, installing natural gas lines in your home can be one of the most expensive energy systems to implement, running homeowners anywhere from $3,500-$10,000. Additionally, gas line infrastructure also requires upkeep. Pressure inconsistencies in gas lines will occasionally cause them to burst which will leave you with a bill if the rupture occurs on your property. Any work on gas lines will require digging through the ground, which can leave your lawn, flower beds, and other infrastructure with repair needs.
On top of installation costs, natural gas takes a large toll on the environment. The excavation of natural gas, otherwise known as hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, involves drilling deep into the ground and pumping chemically active water into the hole to loosen rock and release the gas. This process has been utilized in national parks and previously protected lands, which can cause irreversible damage to environments and the structural integrity of soil. Fracking has even caused small earthquakes in locations where it’s implemented.
On the other end of the process, natural gas also has harmful ecological implications when it is burned. Although the fuel source is a clean burning fuel, compared to coal, natural gas is still made up of a variety of hydrocarbons. Included in these various gases, methane, is one of the fuel sources most highly rejected by scientists for it’s dangers to the atmosphere. Methane gas is estimated to be 30 times more efficient at trapping heat than CO2, which could have disastrous implications on the planet’s ozone layer. Natural gas can be quite profitable over the long term but has many steep downsides that can lead to consequences in both price and a home’s ecological footprint.
Residential propane, on the other hand, is a much more ecologically friendly fuel source. Although it is still a product of petroleum and is one of the gasses that exist in natural gas, you can think of propane as a purified type of natural gas. Propane lacks the methane gas of its competitor and is also non-toxic. Breathing either gas disproportionate to oxygen intake can still cause symptoms of oxygen deprivation, so neither is entirely harmless. However, propane, within itself, is definitely safer than the hydrocarbon cocktail of natural gas, which includes nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide, and methane, all gases that have been proven to cause respiratory problems from long term exposure.
The other beneficial aspect of propane over natural gas is the mobility and versatility of the fuel. Propane is most prominently bought and transported through propane tanks and is optimal for more rural locations that might not have access to a dedicated natural gas line. Additionally, propane has over double the space efficiency of natural gas, yielding 2,516 BTU per square foot compared to natural gas’s yield of 1,030 BTU for the same volume. This makes propane a very viable option for “going off the grid” and is something people should take into consideration when purchasing products that require energy.
Like natural gas, there is a certain amount of installation required to fit propane heating onto a house. However, you’ll find that this cost is a bit lower and more consistent than the average cost for installing natural gas. Propane heating installation can cost $3,000 to $5,000, which beats out natural gas’s $3,500 – $10,000 initial cost.
There are many factors to weigh when choosing the correct fuel source for heating a building. Although natural gas can be cheaper, it’s important to keep in mind those hidden costs and consequences. Climate change might be a controversial topic in some circles, but cleaner air and water, along with protecting our natural wildlife is something we can all hopefully value.
Propane stands strong as one of the more sustainable and versatile fuel sources out there. You can feel a bit more secure knowing that natural gas prices have swung wildly throughout the years while the cost remains relatively the same for propane. Future climate legislation could shake this balance, so it’s good to stay vigilant on energy trends coming down the pipeline. At the end of the day, this decision comes down to annual trends, the location of the property, budget, and your goals towards energy efficiency.